Sacrificing a live chicken as I write this post...
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If the carbs are set up properly to provide the proper mixture then none. You've got an engine of X displacement and it needs Y fuel per unit of time to be properly fueled, there is no magic or voodoo there.
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Actually, there is a difference, although having little experience with Webbers, I'm not going to flatly claim that either is always better.
The real issue is the actual Air/<u>vaporized</u> Fuel ratio present in the cylinders at the time of ignition. For a moment, lets assume that a theoretically “perfect” stoichiometric air/fuel ratio of 14.7 to 1 (on gasoline) is optimum for an engine under all conditions (this isn’t the case under all conditions, but bear with me here). Fuel that arrives in the cylinder as a liquid (either film or droplet) cannot participate in the combustion process until it is vaporized…usually by the heat of compression (which is too late to have any bearing on detonation), or even later by the heat released by combustion itself (which it too late to do much of anything other than raise exhaust temperatures. It’s a matter of hydrocarbon molecules having physical access to oxygen molecules; and hydrocarbon molecules beneath the surface of a droplet have no such access. So, to achieve an effective 14.7 to 1 A/F ratio in the vaporized charge, we’ve got to start out with something a bit richer than that at the carburetor in order to allow for the fuel that puddles on the manifold floor, gets centrifuged out of the air stream at all of the bends in the intake runner, falls out of suspension due to local pressure increases in the intake runner, etc. Just how much richer depends on how well…or not… we can keep each of the previously mentioned things from happening. Therefore, it stands to reason that a carburetor which atomizes a given amount of fuel into the greatest number of droplets of the smallest size – thereby minimizing the centrifuge effect while simultaneously providing a greater amount of droplet surface area from which those droplets can evaporate on their way to the cylinder – is the most desirable. The main circuit discharge droplet size of an “out of the box” Holley 750HP 4br. averages about 60 angstroms in diameter at 1.5” Hg, while our fully prepped Trans-Am pieces produce droplet sizes that average around 20 angstroms and can safely run a little over 1 full point leaner in A/F due to a greater percentage of it’s total fuel discharge arriving in the cylinder in a combustible state. This works out to 15-18 lbs of fuel per hour at 740 horsepower, or about 1.5 mpg at Elkhart Lake.