Ah ah!
I also sometime experience the "F**k! Why is there a supplementary nut now that I have reassembled the whole thing????"
More seriously, if it is a shim, and if it is missing somwhere, you could ruin your expensive gearbox!!! Shimming gears IE pinion/ring is pretty important.for setting the propers contacts, same for roller bearings...
You shoud really try to contact the manufacturer, they should be able to give you a hint about what it is used for, then, you can focus your own inspection into precise areas into the gearbox... Saving you time, money, and grey hairs....
Olivier