"Has anyone bonded their cladding to their chassis? "
Yes, for strength and for sealing.
"If so what did you use?"
3M 5200 Marine adhesive sealant. Comes in a cartridge and 2 different cure times 1-hr and 48-hr. I used the 48-hr to leave plenty of time to re-position etc.
they also make 4200 for something that may need to be removed in the future, it's not as strong of a bond.
either cleans up with WD-40
" Will it adhere to powder coating or chassis paint?"
yes but scuff all contact surfaces, chassis and cladding, with a scotch-brite pad.